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Researcher: • D. Rickey, MCCMP Ph.D.

Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasound is a technique for imaging soft tissues. We are currently evaluating the benefits of applying three-dimensional acquisition and display methods to ultrasound; there are also various projects focussed on developing new techniques for characterization of image quality.

Paediatric musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders differ from those in adults because children have immature skeletons that are comprised largely of cartilage rather than mineralized bone. Ultrasound is a primary modality for diagnosis and assessment of MSK disorders in children as it gives excellent visualization of the soft tissues and cartilaginous components of these newly developing bones. The common ultrasound method used to assess MSK disorders is conventional 2-dimensional technology. However, there is much interest in newer 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound technology. There are many advantages to 3D methods, though historically, it has been weak in scanning over the curved surfaces of the body.

The goal of this project is to develop and evaluate a novel 3D technique that allows scanning over curved surfaces. Ultrasound images of various MSK anatomy were acquired with a diagnostic ultrasound machine (Philips HDI 5000). We developed a novel system that obtained the 3D images over curved surfaces.

Ultrasound probe scanning over the curved surface of a hand.

Lateral view 3D image of the right anterior elbow; anterior side is up. The brachial artery is seen, and its bifurcation into radial and ulnar arteries may be observed to some extent as well. The surfaces of the bones are also seen. The soft tissues such as muscle and vessels maintain their excellent visualization.

A lateral view 3D image of the right distal forearm, including the beginning of the wrist joint; anterior aspect is up. The radius is shown at the bottom of the image. The flexor muscles and tendons travelling to the wrist and hand are imaged excellently. The image plane is cut to show the tendons travelling the length of the forearm and reaching into the wrist.

Previously a difficult task, the technology allows for easy movement of the scan head over the curved surfaces of the body. The resulting images are well-suited for paediatric MSK applications because of its exceptional visualization of non-ossified cartilage and soft tissue.